Notes

In Case Apparent Shift of an Object due to Refraction…

In Case Apparent Shift of an Object due to Refraction –
Case I : If μ₂ > μ₁,
i.e. observer is in denser medium. Then, shift becomes negative, image distance > object distance, i.e. image is further from the refracting surface,
Case II : If μ₂ < μ₁,
i.e. observer is in rarer medium. Then, shift becomes positive, image distance < object distance, i.e. image is closer to the refracting surface,
Case III : If μ₂ = 1 and μ₁ = μ [Apparent shift
= Real depth (1 – 1/μ)]