Notes

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids in Aliphatic Ketones…

Following methods are used for the preparation of both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids:
(i) Oxidation of Hydrocarbons, Primary Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds
(ii) Hydrolysis of Nitriles (Cyanides) and Acid Derivatives
(iii) Reaction of Grignard’s Reagents with CO₂.
(iv) Carboxylation of Sodium Alkoxides, RO^– Na⁺.