Table

Mineral Deficiency Diseases

Minerals Sources Daily Requirement Functions Deficiencysigns
Calcium Milk, cheese, hard water, green vegetables, fish, meat etc 10-15 gm Essential for the formation of bones, teeth, coagulation of milk, contraction of muscle, neuro-muscular excitability, permeability of the capillary endothelium and activation of certain enzymes. Rickets (mal-formation of bones), in Children and Osteomalasia in adults, tetany etc.
Potassium All food stuffs 4 gm It plays an important role in maintaining intracellular osmotic pressure, intracellular reaction, CO2 carriage, cardiac and muscular contraction. Retardation of bone growth, lowering of heart rate, paralysis of muscle, hypertrophy of Kidney, sterility.
Magnesium Green vegetables, bread, meat, etc. 300 to 350 mgm It is essential for the formation of bones and teeth and muscular contraction. It activates the enzyme, phosphatase. Vascular disturbances, hypprexcitability, convulsions, tetany etc.
Iron Green leaves, lentils, peas fruits (Guava) meat, fish, liver, egg etc. 5 to 20 mg It is one of the main constituents of haemoglobin, cytochrome and myoglobin. It is related to oxygen carriage in blood in the form of haemoglobin, and acts as oxygen store for muscle in the form of myoglobin. It is also related to the tissue oxidation in the form of cytochrome. Anaemia
Copper Green vegetables, milk, brain, liver, etc 2 mgm It acts as an important component of many enzymes e.g., cytochrome oxidase, tyrosinase, urinase. Anaemia, Wilson’s disease
Iodine Common salts, sea weeds, milk, fish, merine food etc. 5-10 mgm It is a essential constituent of the hormone thyroxine (anactive principle hormone of thyriod gland). Goitre
Sodium Common salt, milk, water, different food stuffs etc. 5-10 gm Essential for normal functions of cells, contraction of muscles, excitation of nerves. It helps to maintain blood reaction. Formation of HCL of gastric juice, osmotic pressure and absorption. Reduction of fat deposit, atrophy of muscles and testis, lung infection, retarded bone formation and growth.
Phosphorus Cereals, legumes, fish, meat, eggs, liver, kidney etc. 1-1.5 gm It is an essential constituent of cells, bones and teeth. It taken an essential role in muscular contraction, phosphorylation of sugars, fats, blood coagulation, enzymatic functions of vitamin B-Complex, regulation of pH of cells, blood and urine etc. Rickets, Ostemalacia, dyfunction of renal tubules etc, lack of energy with reduced ATP formation.
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