Any deviation from the completely ordered arrangement in a crystal constitutes disorder. Imperfection or defects is employed to denote a departure from the perfectly periodic arrangement of atoms in a crystals.
Atoms – An atom is the smallest component of an element and the building blocks of all matter.
Bond energy of a diatomic Molecule (e.g., H2, Cl2, O2, etc.) is equal to its dissociation energy of a bond is defined as Enthalpy change involved in breaking the bond between atoms of a gaseous Homonuclear Molecules.
Bond Length is defined as the equilibrium internuclear separation distance of the bonded atoms in a molecule.
Covalent Radius is one half of the distance between the centers of nuclei of two similar atoms held together by a purely Covalent single bond.
Crystalline Solids have a shape bounded by plane surfaces, constituent atoms arranged in a definite pattern.
Electron Affinity can be expressed as : Atom (g) + e¯ (g) → Anion (g) + Electron Affinity.
If two atoms share two pairs of electrons, the covalent between them is called a Double bond.
Isomers which differ with respect to the arrangement of atoms of group in space are said to be Stereo Isomers and the Phenomenon is known as Stereo Isomerism.
Metallic Radius is one half of the distance between two adjacent atoms of a metal in a Metallic Lattice.
Oxidation Number of an element is the residual charge which its atoms appears to have when all other atom present in its combination are removed as ions.
The Bond Order is given by the two atoms in the molecules.
Upon heating, if the orderly arrangement of ions or atoms in the crystal get displaced and produces electricity then the property of the crystal is termed as Pyroelectricity.
Vander Waals Radius is one half of the internuclear distance between two adjacent atoms belonging to two nearest neighbouring molecules of the same substance in the solid state. In general, Covalent Radius < Metallic Radius & lt; Vander Waals Radius.